Clarity86 FREE TOOLS
Physics, made clearer.
Explore motion, energy, waves, heat and fluids with transparent equations and SI units.
Tools in this category
Newton’s Second Law Calculator
Find net force from mass and acceleration.
Acceleration from Force Calculator
Find acceleration caused by a specified net force.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate translational energy from mass and speed.
Gravitational Potential Energy Calculator
Find the change in potential energy near a uniform gravitational field.
Linear Momentum Calculator
Find signed linear momentum for a moving object.
Impulse Calculator
Calculate impulse from a constant net force and duration.
Work from Force Calculator
Find work done by a constant force at an angle to displacement.
Mechanical Power Calculator
Find average power from work performed over time.
Final Velocity Calculator
Find final velocity under constant acceleration.
Constant Acceleration Displacement Calculator
Find signed displacement under constant acceleration.
Average Acceleration Calculator
Find the rate of change between two velocities.
Free Fall Time Calculator
Estimate the time to fall from rest through a given height.
Free Fall Impact Speed Calculator
Estimate speed after falling from rest without drag.
Constant Deceleration Stopping Distance Calculator
Calculate ideal braking distance for a constant deceleration.
Reaction Distance Calculator
Find distance traveled at constant speed during a reaction interval.
Projectile Range Calculator
Estimate horizontal range for launch and landing at the same height.
Projectile Maximum Height Calculator
Find maximum rise above the launch point for an ideal projectile.
Projectile Flight Time Calculator
Find time aloft for a projectile returning to its launch height.
Centripetal Acceleration Calculator
Find inward acceleration for uniform circular motion.
Centripetal Force Calculator
Find the inward net force required for a circular path.
Angular Velocity Calculator
Convert revolutions per minute to radians per second.
Tangential Speed Calculator
Find linear speed at a distance from a rotation axis.
Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate energy stored in rigid-body rotation.
Angular Momentum Calculator
Find angular momentum for rotation about a fixed principal axis.
Solid Disc Moment of Inertia Calculator
Find inertia about a uniform disc’s central perpendicular axis.
Solid Sphere Moment of Inertia Calculator
Find inertia of a uniform solid sphere about its diameter.
Rod Moment of Inertia Calculator
Find inertia of a thin uniform rod about its midpoint.
Spring Force Calculator
Find restoring-force magnitude for an ideal linear spring.
Elastic Potential Energy Calculator
Find energy stored in an ideal stretched or compressed spring.
Spring Oscillation Period Calculator
Find the period of an ideal undamped mass-spring oscillator.
Simple Pendulum Period Calculator
Estimate the period of a small-angle pendulum.
Wave Speed Calculator
Find propagation speed from frequency and wavelength.
Wavelength Calculator
Find distance between repeating wave crests.
Wave Period Calculator
Find duration of one complete oscillation.
Beat Frequency Calculator
Find the beat rate of two nearby tones.
Hydrostatic Gauge Pressure Calculator
Find pressure added by a static fluid column.
Buoyant Force Calculator
Find upward force from displaced fluid volume.
Mass from Density Calculator
Calculate material mass from density and volume.
Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator
Find flow through a uniform cross-section.
Mass Flow Rate Calculator
Find mass transported per second from volume flow and density.
Reynolds Number Calculator
Compare inertia with viscous effects for a specified flow.
Sensible Heat Energy Calculator
Find heat associated with a temperature change without a phase change.
Latent Heat Calculator
Find energy for a phase change at constant temperature.
Linear Thermal Expansion Calculator
Estimate length change caused by a temperature change.
Steady Heat Conduction Calculator
Estimate heat flow across a uniform flat slab.
Ideal Gas Pressure Calculator
Find ideal-gas pressure from amount, temperature and volume.
Ideal Gas Density Calculator
Find ideal-gas density using molar mass.
Thermal Efficiency Calculator
Find useful work as a share of heat input.
Carnot Efficiency Calculator
Find the ideal upper efficiency between two thermal reservoirs.
Young’s Modulus Calculator
Find the elastic modulus from uniaxial stress and strain.
Normal Stress Calculator
Calculate average axial stress from force and cross-sectional area.
Normal Strain Calculator
Find fractional length change under deformation.
Friction Force Calculator
Estimate kinetic friction magnitude from normal force and coefficient.
Lever Balance Force Calculator
Find the opposing force required to balance an ideal lever.
Mechanical Advantage Calculator
Find the force multiplication ratio of a mechanism.
Universal Gravitation Calculator
Estimate attraction between two point masses.
Escape Speed Calculator
Estimate escape speed from a spherical body without atmosphere.
Circular Orbital Speed Calculator
Estimate speed in a circular orbit around a dominant mass.
Photon Energy Calculator
Find photon energy from electromagnetic frequency.
De Broglie Wavelength Calculator
Find wavelength associated with a nonzero momentum.
Sound Intensity Level Calculator
Find logarithmic intensity level relative to a reference intensity.
Thin Lens Calculator
Find image distance and magnification for a thin lens using signed focal length.
Snell’s Law Calculator
Find refraction angle from two refractive indices and the incidence angle.
Critical Angle Calculator
Find the incidence angle above which total internal reflection occurs.
Brewster Angle Calculator
Calculate the ideal Brewster angle at a dielectric interface.
Diffraction Grating Calculator
Estimate a diffraction maximum angle from wavelength, grating density and order.
Double Slit Fringe Spacing Calculator
Estimate bright-fringe separation in a two-slit interference pattern.
Malus Law Calculator
Estimate transmitted intensity through an ideal analyzer for linearly polarized light.
Lens Optical Power Calculator
Convert signed focal length into optical power in diopters.
Stefan Boltzmann Radiation Calculator
Estimate net radiative heat flow from a surface to a large isothermal environment.
Wien Peak Wavelength Calculator
Find the peak wavelength of blackbody spectral radiance per unit wavelength.
Thermal Diffusivity Calculator
Calculate thermal diffusivity from conductivity, density and specific heat.
Convection Heat Transfer Calculator
Estimate heat transfer using a specified convective heat-transfer coefficient.
Layer Thermal Resistance Calculator
Find conduction resistance of a flat homogeneous layer.
Bernoulli Pressure Calculator
Find downstream pressure from upstream pressure, velocities and elevations.
Darcy Weisbach Pressure Drop Calculator
Estimate straight-pipe friction pressure loss using a supplied Darcy friction factor.
Laminar Pipe Flow Calculator
Calculate ideal laminar volumetric flow through a circular tube from pressure difference.
Hydraulic Diameter Calculator
Find equivalent hydraulic diameter from flow area and wetted perimeter.
Froude Number Calculator
Compare inertial flow speed with the gravity-wave scale.
Mach Number Calculator
Calculate Mach number from flow speed and local speed of sound.
Aerodynamic Drag Calculator
Estimate drag force and power from a specified drag coefficient and reference area.
Stokes Settling Velocity Calculator
Estimate terminal settling speed of a small sphere in a viscous fluid.
Atwood Machine Calculator
Find ideal acceleration and rope tension for two masses on a frictionless pulley.
Perfectly Inelastic Collision Calculator
Find common velocity and kinetic-energy loss when two objects stick together in one dimension.
Elastic Collision Calculator
Calculate both final velocities for an ideal one-dimensional elastic collision.
Damped Natural Frequency Calculator
Find damped frequency and damping ratio for a mass–spring–damper system.
Choosing a tool for physics
Identify the physical model before entering values. These educational calculations state ideal assumptions and do not infer safety margins.